Haematology

Haematology tests play a crucial role in identifying diverse blood disorders and diseases, ranging from inflammation and anemia to infections, clotting abnormalities, and even conditions like leukemia and reactions to chemotherapy. These tests constitute a comprehensive series of examinations tailored to pinpoint any abnormalities in the blood or the organs responsible for blood function. Haematology tests facilitate early detection and diagnosis of blood-related issues, ensuring prompt medical intervention when necessary.

Disorders related to haematology

Haematology encompasses the study and treatment of various disorders affecting the blood and its components. Some common disorders related to haematology include

1. Anemia
2. Leukemia
3. Thrombocytopenia
4. Sickle Cell Disease
5. Thalassemia
6. Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS):
7. Lymphoma:

These are just a few examples of disorders related to haematology, highlighting the diverse range of conditions that haematologists diagnose and treat.

Common Haematology tests

Common haematology tests encompass a variety of diagnostic procedures aimed at evaluating the composition and function of blood components. These tests are fundamental in identifying and managing a range of blood disorders and diseases. They include:

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC): A CBC provides essential information about the quantity and quality of blood cells, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. It helps in diagnosing conditions such as anemia, infection, and leukemia.

2. Blood Smear Examination: This test involves examining a thin layer of blood under a microscope to assess the size, shape, and structure of blood cells. It aids in diagnosing conditions like blood cell abnormalities and infections.

3. Coagulation Studies: These tests evaluate the blood's ability to clot properly. Common coagulation tests include Prothrombin Time (PT), Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), and International Normalized Ratio (INR), which help diagnose clotting disorders and monitor anticoagulant therapy.

4. Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy: These procedures involve extracting a small sample of bone marrow for examination under a microscope. They provide valuable information about blood cell production and can diagnose conditions such as leukemia, lymphoma, and bone marrow disorders.

5. Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: This test separates and identifies different types of hemoglobin in the blood. It is used to diagnose haemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia.

6. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): ESR measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube of blood over time. It is a non-specific marker of inflammation and helps in diagnosing conditions such as infection, autoimmune diseases, and certain cancers.

7. Blood Chemistry Tests: These tests assess various substances in the blood, including electrolytes, enzymes, and proteins. They provide information about organ function and can help diagnose conditions such as liver disease, kidney disease, and metabolic disorders.